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• Abatement - Programs to reduce illegal dumping. This includes re-
  cycling and proper disposal events, education, improved municipal
  waste disposal contracts, etc.
• Act 101 - PA's Recycling Act: Municipal Waste Planning, Recycling
  and Waste Reduction Act of 1988. The law that requires recycling in
  Pennsylvania and provides for Pennsylvania's Recycling Fund.
• Act 27 - Environmental Stewardship & Watershed Protection Act.
  The Act that created the Growing Greener program in PA.
• Act 97 - PA's Solid Waste Management Act of 1980. The law that
  regulates the treatment and disposal of municipal waste, regulating
  landfills.
  
• Active site/area - Any area where illegal solid waste activity has
  occurred within the last six months.
• Adopt-A-Highway Program - PennDOT's adoption program for
  state-maintained roads and highways.
• Annual meeting - Chapter officers are elected and chapter bylaw
  amendments are considered by the membership at chapter annual
  meetings. Officers and directors of PA CleanWays are elected,
  a budget is adopted, and delegates to the state annual meeting
  consider bylaw changes.
• Appliances (a.k.a. White Goods) - Household appliances such as
  refrigerators, freezers, washers, dryers, stoves. Appliances that
  contain freon as a refrigerant-refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners,
  dehumidifiers, and water coolers-must be "decommissioned" (the
  freon properly removed) before recycling or disposal.
• BCO - Pennsylvania Bureau of Charitable Organizations. A section
  of the Department of State that administers the state's charitable
  solicitation law and maintains registration and financial information
  of charities.
• Biosolids (Sewage Sludge) - Biosolids are the nutrient-rich organic
  byproducts resulting from wastewater treatment. They are created
  through the transformation of liquid and solid matter using natural
  processes. This transformation involves physical, chemical, biological,
  and heat processes designed to remove water and reduce the levels
  of odor and bacteria in the final biosolids product. When biosolids
  meet state and federal standards, they can be used as fertilizers
  and soil amendments.
• Bulky Items/Bulky Waste - Items in the waste stream that require
  special handling, such as furniture, appliances and carpeting.
• C & D Debris - Construction/Demolition waste
• C2P2 - Community Conservation Partnership Program. A DCNR grant
  program, with funding from several sources, designed to promote
  open space and recreation in PA. PA CleanWays has received
  funding that includes cleanups of illegal dumps in these areas.
• COG - Council of Governments. "A voluntary association of local
  government units joined together under a written compact to
  improve cooperation, coordination and planning. . . .By mutual
  agreement, the members seek solutions to mutual problems. A COG
  is an informal council. . . .COGs do not have the power to legislate
  or levy taxes." From Township Supervisor's Handbook, DCED.
• Commercial Waste - Waste generated by non-manufacturing and
  non-processing businesses.
• Community - People sharing a common interest or goal who may
  or may not be defined by geographic boundaries.
• Compostable Materials - Materials that will biodegrade and can
  be composted. They include most yard wastes, food wastes from
  vegetables and fruit and materials such as hair clippings, feathers,
  straw, livestock manure, bonemeal and bloodmeal. Materials should
  NOT be composted if they promote disease, cause odors, attract
  pests, or create other nuisances. Some compostable materials
  should be composted only in limited quantities. Lists of materials
  are available on the DEP website.
• Composting - The process by which organic solid waste is
  biologically decomposed under controlled anaerobic or aerobic
  conditions to yield a humus-like product.
• Composting Facility - A facility using land for processing of
  municipal waste by composting. The term includes the areas where
  composting actually occurs, as well as all of the rest of the facility
  where the land surface has been disturbed as a result of or
  incidental to operation of the facility. It does not include a facility
  for composting that is located where the waste was generated.
  
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• DCED - Pennsylvania's Department of Community and Economic
  Development. This department provides local government services
  and support for building better communities, as well as promoting
  economic development in the Commonwealth.
• DCNR - Pennsylvania's Department of Conservation and Natural
  Resources. DCNR manages state parks and state forest lands;
  provides information on the state's ecological and geologic resources;
  and establishes community conservation partnerships with grants
  and technical assistance to benefit rivers, trails, greenways, local
  parks and recreation, regional heritage parks, open space, and
  natural areas.
• DEP - Pennsylvania's Department of Environmental Protection. The
  agency largely responsible for administering Pennsylvania's environ-
  mental laws and regulations.
  
• Deterrent - A strategy to prevent or discourage illegal dumping at
  a site. Physical deterrents can include earthen berms, fences,
  trees, etc.
• DOT - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
  
• EFP - Environmental Fund for Pennsylvania. An organization that
  promotes workplace campaigns to solicit donations to environmental
  organizations, similar to the United Way. GreenWorks TV is also a
  project of the EFP. PA CleanWays is an EFP member.
• EIN - Employer Identification Number. A federal tax identification
  number, assigned by the IRS, equivalent to an individual's social
  security number.
• Electronic waste - includes computers, monitors, TVs, audio
  equipment and other electronic devices. Electronic equipment
  contains metals that, if not properly managed or contained, can
  become hazardous wastes, including mercury, lead and cadmium.
• EPA - Environmental Protection Agency. The federal agency
  responsible for developing and enforcing environmental regulations
  based on federal law.
  
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• FLBP - Forest Lands Beautification Program. A five-year grant
  program funded by DCNR through which PA CleanWays is
  cleaning up and abating illegal dumping in state parks and forests.
• Form 990 (or Form 990-EZ) - IRS forms, Return of Organization
  Exempt From Income Tax, for tax reporting.
• Form 990-T - IRS form, Exempt Organization Business Income Tax
  Return, for reporting unrelated business income.
• Freon - A trademark for a variety of nonflammable gaseous or liquid
  fluorinated hydrocarbons employed primarily as working fluids in
  refrigeration and air conditioning. To reduce emissions of greenhouse
  gas that impact the environment, freon must be removed by a
  certified technician before the appliance can be recycled or disposed.
  Freon can typically be recycled. A sticker put on the appliance
  indicates it has been "decommissioned."
• FTP - Fugitive Tire Program.
• FY - Fiscal Year.
• Garbage - Some may use the term to refer to food or other odor
  causing wastes, using "rubbish" to refer to non-odor causing trash.
• GEN - Group Exemption Number. The number assigned to PA
  CleanWays by the IRS, recognizing the tax exemption of PA Clean-
  Ways, Inc. and its chapters. It must be entered on IRS Form 990.
• GIS - Geographic Information System. Software applications that
  allow users to view and create maps. The maps typically utilize
  various maps as layers superimposed on each other.
• GPS - Global Positioning System. This is a space-based radio-
  navigation system, consisting of satellites and ground support.
  GPS provides users with accurate information about their position,
  as well as velocity and the time, anywhere and in all weather
  conditions. Using a GPS receiver to obtain coordinates of dump sites
  or adopted roads and areas facilitates mapping by a GIS. GPS
  receivers are available from sporting goods stores and catalogues,
  or ask your Conservation District if the chapter could borrow theirs.
  
• Grassroots - People or society at a local level rather than at the
  center of major political activity. Because PA CleanWays works to
  empower local citizens, we are a grassroots organization.
• Greenway - A corridor of undeveloped land, as along rivers or
  between urban centers, that is reserved for recreational use or
  environmental preservation. Some greenways are trails (on land or
  water), others, such as riparian buffer corridors, are intended for
  environmental protection and are not designed for human use.
• Groundwater - Water beneath the earth's surface, in saturated
  soil and rock, that supplies wells and springs.
• Growing Greener - Four state government agencies are responsible
  to help PA communities "grow greener:"
  • DEP provides watershed protection, mine reclamation, oil and
    gas well plugging, technical assistance, new and innovative
    technology grants;
• DCNR provides open space and recreation grants;
• PennVest provides wastewater, drinking water, and stormwater
  management grants;
• PA Dept. of Agriculture (PDA) provides farmland preservation
  grants.

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• Hauler - A commercial business that hauls solid waste. Roll off
  containers may be used to haul waste.
• Hazardous Waste - ". . . .Discarded material, including solid,
  liquid, semisolid or contained gaseous material resulting from
  municipal, commercial, industrial, institutional, mining, or agricultural
  operations, and from community activities; or a combination of the
  above, which because of its quantity, concentration or physical,
  chemical or infectious characteristics may do one of the following: (i)
  Cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or
  increase in morbidityin either an individual or the total population.
  (ii) Pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health
  or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported,
  disposed of or otherwise managed." From PA Code, Chapter 271
• HHW - Household Hazardous Waste. Waste generated by a house-
  hold that could be chemically or physically classified as a hazardous
  waste. It includes items that are poisonous, corrosive, flammable,
  or an environmental hazard. HHW includes home improvement
  products such as oil-based paints and wood preservatives, lawn
  and garden products such as herbicides and pesticides, automotive
  products such as fuels, used antifreeze and motor oil, household
  products such as drain cleaners, spot removers and mercury
  thermometers.
• ICW - Infectious/Chemotherapeutic Waste. "Municipal and residual
  waste which is generated in the diagnosis, treatment, immunization
  or autopsy of human beings or animals, in research pertaining
  thereto, in the preparation of human or animal remains for interment
  or cremation, or in the production or testing of biologicals. . . ."
  From PA Code, Chapter 271
• Illegal Dump Area - Contains larger items such as household waste,
  debris from a business or job, such as remodeling debris, appliances
  or bulky items, or more than 10 tires, whether in a concentrated
  area or scattered along the length of a road or in an area.
• Inactive Site/Area - Any area where illegal solid waste activity
  has occurred within the last six months.
• Incinerator - A furnace for burning municipal waste.
• Industrial Waste - Waste generated by an industrial establishment,
  other than the waste generated from industrial processes (from
  break rooms, offices, etc.), defined as Municipal Solid Waste in
  Pennsylvania. Waste from industrial processes is "Residual" or
  "Hazardous" waste in Pennsylvania.
• INS - Immigration and Naturalization Service. Requires Form I-9
  be filled out by all employees.
• IRS - Internal Revenue System. Provides PA CleanWays' federal
  tax-exempt status; requires various returns.
• Landfill (Sanitary Landfill) - A method of disposing solid waste
  in which refuse is buried between layers of dirt. Modern landfills in
  Pennsylvania must have an additional double-liner system, collect
  and treat leachate, and collect or burn gases produced. Landfills
  are regulated by DEP based on Act 97.
• Leachate/Leaching - Leaching in a landfill is the action of
  percolating water as it removes soluble or other constituents from
  the buried trash. Leachate is the solution containing contaminants.
• Lead Acid Battery - A vehicle battery that contains lead plates
  and acid. Because of their hazard and the potential for pollution,
  they should be recycled.
• Littered Area - Contains small, scattered items, with no more than
  10 tires and three or four larger items, such as furniture or
  appliances, bags of trash, etc. per mile of road or in an equivalent
  area.
• Lobbying - Engaging in trying to influence legislators or other
  public officials in favor of a specific cause.
  
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• Match - Amount of value from another source that may be required
  by a grant. A grantor may require a cash match, or may accept the
  value in in-kind services. The percent match required by grantors
  varies.
• MRF - Materials Recovery Facility (Recycling Center), a specialized
  plant where recyclable materials are separated, processed and
  stored. Residual material is disposed, normally in a landfill.
• MSW - Municipal Solid Waste. "Garbage, refuse, industrial lunchroom
  or office waste and other material, including solid, liquid, semisolid
  or contained gaseous material resulting from operation of residential,
  municipal, commercial or institutional establishments and from
  community activities; and sludge not meeting the definition of
  residual or hazardous waste under this section from a municipal,
  commercial or institutional water supply treatment plant, waste
  water treatment plant or air pollution control facility." From PA Code,
  Chapter 271
• Municipal Waste Management Plan (County Plan) - Act 101
  requires that each county develop and submit to DEP a plan to:
  1. Ensure that each county has sufficient processing and disposal
     capacity for its municipal waste for at least 10 years.
  2. Ensure a full, fair and open discussion of alternative methods of
     municipal waste processing or disposal.
  3. Ensure maximum feasible waste reduction and recycling of
     municipal waste or source separated recyclable material.
  4. Shift the primary responsibility for developing and implementing
     municipal waste management plans from municipalities to counties.
  5. Conserve resources and protect the public health, safety and
     welfare from the short- and long-term dangers of transportation, processing, treatment, storage and disposal of municipal waste.
  
  Each county must form an Advisory Committee. The committee shall
  review the plan during its preparation, make suggestions and propose
  changes it believes appropriate.
• Municipality - Every Pennsylvanian lives in a county and municipality
  - a city, borough, township, or home-rule municipality. "The various
  municipal units share the same basic responsibilities with respect to
  the provision of public services at the local level and have similar
  statutory powers, for the most part . . .The main areas of local
  services include police and fire protection, maintenance of local
  roads and streets, water supply, sewage collection and treatment,
  parking and traffic control, local planning and zoning, parks and
  recreation, garbage collection, health services, libraries, licensing
  of businesses and code enforcement." (From Pennsylvania Manual.)
• Nonpoint Source (NPS) Pollution - Unlike pollution from an
  industrial and sewage treatment plant pipe, nonpoint source pollution
  comes from many diffuse sources. NPS pollution is caused by rainfall
  or snowmelt moving over and through the ground. As the runoff
  moves, it picks up and carries away natural and human-made
  pollutants, finally depositing them into lakes, rivers, wetlands,
  coastal waters, and even underground.
• Non-renewable Resources - Resources that cannot be
  regenerated, such as the fossil fuels oil and coal.
• NRC - National Recycling Coalition. The national equivalent of PROP.
• NTT - National Tree Trust. A nonprofit organization that supplies
  seedling trees to PA CleanWays for out planting by volunteers
  on public lands. It is supported by the forest industry and other
  sponsors.
• OCC - Old Corrugated Cardboard
• ONP - Old Newsprint
• Open Burning - The burning of trash by a resident. An EPA report
  published in November 1997 shows that a single household burn
  barrel may emit as much toxic chemicals as a well-controlled
  municipal incinerator.
  
• OYEL - Open Your Eyes to Litter. A series of educational resources,
  including activity books, developed by PA CleanWays.
  
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• "Packer" Truck (Compactor) - A typical garbage truck that
  compacts the trash.
• PACW (or PA CW) - PA CleanWays.
• PAEE - Pennsylvania Alliance for Environmental Education. A
  nonprofit that promotes and supports environmental education.
• PCEE - Pennsylvania Center for Environmental Education. A center
  at Slippery Rock University that provides resources for environmental
  education, including the Essentials of EE, and EE and the Media.
• PEC - PA Environmental Council. PEC promotes sustainable land and
  resource use, works to protect watersheds and find innovative
  solutions to environmental problems. As a partner with PA Clean-
  Ways, Inc. in the FLBP, PEC facilitated local community groups,
  helping them identify strategies to abate illegal dumping.
• PennDOT (DOT) - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
  Each county has an adoption coordinator for the Adopt-A-Highway
  program for state-maintained roads.
• PMP - Per Member Payment. PA CleanWays' state bylaws
  provide for a percent of membership dues that chapters share with
  the home office to sustain it. This fee has been waived by a vote
  at the Annual Meeting in recent years.
• Point Source Pollution - Pollution from a single source, as from
  industry.
• POWR - Pennsylvania Organization for Watersheds and Rivers. A
  nonprofit organization that works to empower local watershed
  organizations. POWR produces resources also of value to PA Clean-
  Ways chapters.
• PRC - Pennsylvania Resources Council. A nonprofit organization with
  efforts in waste reduction and recycling; sponsor of the Litterbug.
• PROP - Professional Recyclers of Pennsylvania. PROP promotes
  recycling in Pennsylvania through education, information exchange,
  technical support, applied research and coordination of recycling
  industry initiatives. They provide training on recycling topics. As a
  partner with PA CleanWays in the FLBP, they have provided
  technical assistance to municipalities, promoting local programs to
  abate illegal dumping. The PROP website is a good source of
  information on current legislation of interest.
• RCRA - Resource Conservation & Recovery Act. RCRA is an
  amendment to the 1976 federal Solid Waste Disposal Act. The goals
  of RCRA are to:
  • Ensure that wastes are managed in an environmentally sound
    manner.
  • Protect human health and the environment from the potential
    hazards of waste disposal.
  • Conserve energy and natural resources.
  • Reduce the amount of waste generated.
  RCRA has three programs: Hazardous Waste, Solid Waste, and
  Underground Storage Tank Programs.
• Recycling, Mandatory - Municipalities in Pennsylvania with a
  population of 5000 or more and a population density of more than
  300 per square mile are required by Act 101 to provide a curbside
  recycling program for at least three items.
• Recycling, Voluntary - Programs in municipalities with a population
  of less than 5000 or a population density of less than 300 per square
  mile, either curbside or drop-off, which are not mandated by Act 101.
• Renewable Resources - Resources that are not used up, i.e., solar,
  wind, and hydroelectric energy.
• Residential Waste - Waste from a residential source, it is
  technically Municipal Solid Waste.
• Refuse - Trash or waste. Waste haulers are often listed as Refuse
  Haulers in phone books.
• Residual Waste - "Garbage, refuse, other discarded material or
  other waste, including solid, liquid, semisolid or contained gaseous
  materials resulting from industrial, mining and agricultural operations;
  and sludge from an industrial, mining or agricultural water supply
  treatment facility, wastewater treatment facility or air pollution
  control facility, if it is not hazardous. . . ." From PA Code, Chapter
  271
  
• Robert's Rules - Robert's Rules of Order, the most commonly used
  parliamentary rules for meeting procedures. Chapters usually use
  Robert's Rules in their business meetings. Parliamentary order is
  designed to enable groups, with regard for every member's opinion;
  to arrive at the general will efficiently.
• Rolloff (a.k.a. Rolloff Box or Rollback) - Steel boxes frequently
  used to haul waste that roll off and onto a transporting truck. A
  door on one end swings open to empty (or load) the trash. They
  come in various sizes from 10 cubic yards to 40 cubic yards, though
  30 and 40 cu. yd. rolloffs are most common.
• Rubbish - The non-odor causing components of municipal waste.
• Sustainable/Sustainability - Able to be maintained. The term is
  used to describe types of agriculture, communities, development,
  the economy, and is used in conjunction with living and even
  governing (sustainably). Many programs to promote sustainability
  can be found on the Internet.
• SWA - Solid Waste Authority. Solid Waste Authorities are special
  governmental units set up to perform specific services. Most are
  county entities, governed by a Board of Directors appointed by the
  County Commissioners, which provide recycling and adequate, proper
  disposal of solid waste. Not all counties have solid waste authorities.
  Authorities differ, but they often own and operate landfills, recycling
  facilities and/or hauling services. Many offer educational programs.
  Authorities in Pennsylvania are authorized to acquire, construct,
  improve, maintain and operate projects, and to borrow money and
  issue bonds to finance them.
• Tipping Fee - The cost of disposing a ton of trash in a landfill.
  Counties and municipalities may impose fees as part of the tipping
  fee in order to maintain roads, regulation, etc. These are called
  "host municipality benefit fees," or, simply, host municipality fees.
• TPD - Tons per day
• TPY - Tons per year
• Transfer Station - A place where trash is transferred for hauling
  to the appropriate recycler or landfill. Transfer Stations are
  permitted and regulated by DEP, and are frequently difficult and
  expensive to permit.
• Used Motor Oil - Waste motor oil frequently from vehicles, lawn-
  mowers, farm equipment etc. is regulated by DEP under Chapter 298
  of the Solid Waste Management Act. The Act regulates collection,
  transportation, processing and refining, waste oil burners,
  marketers and larger generators. DEP maintains a list of used oil
  collection sites, with instructions for the recycler.
• Waters of the Commonwealth - "Rivers, streams, creeks, rivulets,
  impoundments, ditches, watercourses, storm sewers, lakes, dammed
  water, wetlands, ponds, springs and other bodies or channels of
  conveyance of surface and underground water, or parts thereof,
  whether natural or artificial, within or on the boundaries of this
  Commonwealth." Even spills into storm sewers constitute
  polluting Pennsylvania's waters. From PA Code, Title 25, Chapter
  102.1.
• Watershed - The region draining into a river, river system, or
  other body of water. Pennsylvania has recently focused considerable
  attention on watershed restoration and organized much
  environmental management by watershed. Growing Greener grants
  fund watershed-based planning and projects.
• Weigh Slip - Used to document tons of trash removed during a
  cleanup, it is provided by landfills or recycling facilities and gives
  the weight of the filled truck, the empty truck and the difference,
  which is the weight of the trash.
• West Nile Virus - West Nile encephalitis is a new disease caused
  by the West Nile virus transmitted by infected mosquitoes from
  birds, the primary host of the disease. Penn State University
  Extension says that severe illness and even death are caused by
  West Nile virus in some, but most people who are infected with the
  virus have no symptoms or may experience mild illness such as fever,
  headache, body aches, mild skin rash, or swollen lymph glands.
  

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